introductory remarks

Prologue
I. Stefanidis, J. Ostrowski, A. Diamandopoulos
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Introduction (Archaeology's and Nephrology's errata)
A. Diamandopoulos
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biographies

In memoriam. Charles Raymond Pax George (1940–2019)
J.S. Cameron
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Professor Miroslav Mydlík, MD, DSc. (1932–2018†). A scientist
K. Derzsiová
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Dimitris Oreopoulos, my father
A. Oreopoulos
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Dr Richard Bright. A reminder from a family link
M.E. Phillips
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Greek giants in Nephrology
T.D. Mountokalakis
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Hippocrates Yatzidis. A great yet humble Greek Professor to remember
P.E. Andronikidi, G. Psimenos, T. Apostolou
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Three hundred years of Nephrology in Scotland
A.N. Turner
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Kidney diseases in the mediaeval work "Michi Competit" by Thomas of Wroclaw
J. Ostrowski, P. Żmudzki
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Vincenzo Diamare (1871–1966)
and the priority for the discovery of the endocrine function of the pancreas (1895)
F. Russo, M. Russo, L.S. De Santo, A. Mezzogiorno, N.G. De Santo
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The Seldinger technique – the vascular access method. Nephrology application
J. Kurkus, I. Keussen
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Ludwik Hirszfeld (1884–1954) – Pioneer of blood type testing.
Significance for organ transplants
J. Ostrowski, B. Rutkowski, P. Rutkowski
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Professor Andrzej Biernacki. Precursor of Nephrology in Poland
J. Ostrowski
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Leonard George Rowntree (1883–1959).
A near-forgotten father of North American nephrology
J.S. Cameron
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philosophy

Nephrology: a prototype of a discipline evolving into complexity.
The border with philosophy
N.G. De Santo
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The Emperor's new clothes in nephrology. Past and present
D. Bacharaki, A. Diamandopoulos
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Nephrology's history is alive and well and helps predict the future
K. Solez, I. Moghe, Q.Y. Wang, R. Hu, K.B. Solez, J.S. Cameron
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Hippocrates' Aphorisms on nephrology
and the application of his Spirit for caring renal patients
S. Provatopoulou, P.N. Zirogiannis
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laboratory procedures

Urine specific gravity according to ancient and medieval Greek sources
A. Diamandopoulos
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Urine colour variation in internal diseases according to Enrico Cauchi
V. Savica, G. Duro, G. Bellinghieri
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The role of the microscope in renal disease as described
in Giulio Bizzozero's handbook of clinical microscopy
G. Bellinghieri, G. Gembillo, E. Satta, A. Salvo, V. Savica, D. Santoro
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Erythropoietin, a first intuition of renal secretion by Giustiniano Nicolucci
L. Iorio, M. Lamagna
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Chloride anion and sodium sensitive hypertension. A historical review
E. Koulouridis, I. Koulouridis
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The hard way from bench to bedside.
History lessons from the pathogenesis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN)
I. Stefanidis, E. Nikolaou, F. Karasavvidou, T. Eleftheriadis, A. Diamandopoulos
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herbal medicine

Nephrology in an Alexandrian manuscript of late antiquity
M. Marselos
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Herbal prescriptions for the treatment of kidney diseases in the Byzantine era
Ε. Valiakos
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Urinary bladder lithiasis treatment in the "Mega Dynameron"
A. Ptinopoulou, N. Tsiampalis, M. Rigkos
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Ibn Al-Baitar. A 13th-century botanical scientist
and his suggestions on urinary tract problems
İ. İşlek, E. Gültekin, E. Pala, A.Z. İzgüer, A. Balat
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The treatment of urinary diseases in Moroccan traditional pharmacopoeia.
Elements of ethnology and historical epistemology
J. Bammi
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clinical cases

Research on the kidney and hair loss based on ancient Chinese medical literature
H.Y. Li, X. Huang, E. Appetiti, C. Grivas
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Urolithiasis and hypertension.
The apparent and the hidden in the Ancient Greek and Oriental medical traditions
C. Grivas
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Papal deaths caused by cardiorenal disease. First approach
N.G. De Santo, C. Bisaccia, L.S. De Santo
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Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
From the first case to the current complement inhibition therapies
G. Gembillo, G. Bellinghieri, V. Savica, E. Satta, A. Salvo, D. Santoro
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A historical appraisal of lupus nephritis
G. Eknoyan, M. Airy
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Nephro-urology in Greek-Roman medicine.
A solid catheter from the Lisbon National Museum of Archaeology
M.D.S. Barroso
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Another case of organ blindness in the history of combined eye-kidney disorders.
Wilson's disease
D. Viggiano, N.G. De Santo, F. Simonelli, G. Capasso
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dialysis/transplantation

A journey through the history of dialysis in sub-Saharan Africa
S. Abd ELHafeez, E. Dounousi, R. Barsoum
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History of renal transplantation in the Arab World
M.A. Bakr, A.Y. Elmowafy, M.H. Abbas
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History of nephrology in the Arab world
M.A. Bakr, A.Y. Elmowafy, M.H. Abbas
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Electronic health services in end-stage renal disease. From Galen to the 20th century
S. Paschou, G. Spanos, S. Fragkidis, C. Bantis, K. Armentzoiu,
E. Tsantekidou, C. Dontsos, T. Tsirelis, N. Theodorou, D. Tzovaras, G. Bamichas
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Historical misconceptions in peritoneal dialysis
S. Roumeliotis, A. Roumeliotis, V. Vaios, K. Leivaditis, V. Liakopoulos
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The history of haemodialysis in Turkey
A. San, H.Z. Tonbul
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The history of peritoneal dialysis in Turkey
A. San
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islamic medicine

What did al-Rāzī (Rhazes) quote from Philagrius of Epirus on kidney diseases
in Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-Ṭibb (Liber Continens)?
A. Aciduman, Ç. Aşkit
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A study on chapters related to nephrology in Qıṭaʿātu neqāve fī tercemeti kelimāti Boerhāve
by Subhī-zāde ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Efendi in the eighteenth century
A. Aciduman, A. Balat
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Shaʿbān Shifāʾī of Ayash and his observations and suggestions
for nephrological problems in children
A. Balat, A. Aciduman
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miraculous healing

Saint hieromartyr Therapon Bishop of ancient Kition, Cyprus Healer of kidney pains
G. Hadjigeorgiou, E. Nikolaou, S. Golphinopoulos, A. Diamandopoulos, I. Stefanidis
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Miraculous renal healing in the church of the Life-Giving Spring (Zoothohos Pege)
in Constantinople. Compendium (1812) from the original
by Nikiphoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos (1256–1335)
I. Stefanidis, E. Nikolaou, G. Filippidis, E. Valiakos, A. Diamandopoulos
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authors' index
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